Module:Lang

--[=[

Lua support for the, , and templates and replacement of various supporting templates.

]=]

require('Module:No globals');

local initial_style_state;														-- set by lang_xx_normal and lang_xx_italic

local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs; local unicode = require ("Module:Unicode data");								-- for is_latin and is_rtl local yesno = require ('Module:Yesno');

local lang_name_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Language/name/data');

local synonym_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms');				-- ISO 639-2/639-2T code translation to 639-1 code

local lang_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data');							-- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables

local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.namespace;							-- used for categorization

local maint_cats = {};															-- maintenance categories go here local maint_msgs = {};															-- and their messages go here

--[[--< I S _ S E T >--

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.

]]

local function is_set( var ) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end

--[[--< I N V E R T _ I T A L I C S >-

This function attempts to invert the italic markup a args.text by adding/removing leading/trailing italic markup in args.text. Like |italic=unset, |italic=invert disables automatic italic markup. Individual leading/trailing apostrophes are converted to their html numeric entity equivalent so that the new italic markup doesn't become bold markup inadvertently.

Leading and trailing wiki markup is extracted from args.text into separate table elements. Addition, removal, replacement of wiki markup is handled by a string.gsub replacement table operating only on these separate elements. In the string.gsub matching pattern, '.*' matches empty string as well as the three expected wiki markup patterns.

This function expects that markup in args.text is complete and correct; if it is not, oddness may result.

]]

local function invert_italics (source) local invert_pattern_table = {												-- leading/trailing markup add/remove/replace patterns [""]="\'\'",															-- empty string becomes italic markup ["\'\'"]="",															-- italic markup becomes empty string ["\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'\'\'",												-- bold becomes bold italic ["\'\'\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'",												-- bold italic become bold };	local seg = {};

source = source:gsub ("%f[\']\'%f[^\']", '&#39;');							-- protect single quote marks from being interpreted as bold markup

seg[1] = source:match ('^(\'\'+%f[^\']).+') or '';							-- get leading markup, if any; ignore single quote seg[3] = source:match ('.+(%f[\']\'\'+)$') or '';							-- get trailing markup, if any; ignore single quote

if  ~= seg[1] and  ~= seg[3] then										-- extract the 'text' seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)%f[\']\'\'+$')					-- from between leading and trailing markup elseif '' ~= seg[1] then seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)')								-- following leading markup elseif '' ~= seg[3] then seg[2] = source:match ('(.+)%f[\']\'\'+$')								-- preceding trailing markup else seg[2] = source															-- when there is no markup end

seg[1] = seg[1]:gsub (".*", invert_pattern_table, 1);						-- replace leading markup according to pattern table seg[3] = seg[3]:gsub (".*", invert_pattern_table, 1);						-- replace leading markup according to pattern table

return table.concat (seg);													-- put it all back together and done end

--[[--< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C >

validates |italic= or |italics= assigned values.

When |italic= is set and has an acceptible assigned value, return the matching css font-style property value or, for the special case 'default', return nil.

When |italic= is not set, or has an unacceptible assigned value, return nil and a nil error message.

When both |italic= and |italics= are set, returns nil and a 'conflicting' error message.

The return value nil causes the calling lang, lang_xx, or transl function to set args.italic according to the template's defined default ('inherit' for, 'inherit' or 'italic' for depending on the individual template's requirements, 'italic' for ) or to the value appropriate to |script=, if set ( and  only).

Accepted values and the values that this function returns are are: nil		-	when |italic= absent or not set; returns nil default	-	for completeness, should rarely if ever be used; returns nil yes		-	force args.text to be rendered in italic font; returns 'italic' no		-	force args.text to be rendered in normal font; returns 'normal' unset	-	disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup inside or outside the template; returns 'inherit' invert	-	disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup outside or inverted inside the template; returns 'invert'

]]

local function validate_italic (args) local properties = {['yes'] = 'italic', ['no'] = 'normal', ['unset'] = 'inherit', ['invert'] = 'invert', ['default'] = nil}; local count = 0 for _, arg in pairs {'italic', 'italics', 'i'} do		if args[arg] then count = count + 1 end end

if count > 1 then															-- return nil and an error message if more than one is set return nil, 'only one of &#124;italic=, &#124;italics=, or &#124;i= can be specified'; end return properties[args.italic or args.italics or args.i], nil;				-- return an appropriate value and a nil error message end

--[=[--< V A L I D A T E _ C A T _ A R G S >--

Default behavior of the and  templates is to add categorization when the templates are used in mainspace. This default functionality may be suppressed by setting |nocat=yes or |cat=no. This function selects one of these two parameters to control categorization.

Because having two parameters with 'opposite' names and 'opposite' values is confusing, this function accepts only affirmative values for |nocat= and only negative values for |cat=; in both cases the 'other' sense (and non-sense) is not accepted and the parameter is treated as if it were not set in the template.

Sets args.nocat to true if categorization is to be turned off; to nil if the default behavior should apply.

Accepted values for |nocat= are the text strings: 'yes', 'y', 'true', 't', on, '1'		-- Module:Yesno returns logical true for all of these; false or nil else for |cat= 'no', 'n', 'false', 'f', 'off', '0'		-- Module:Yesno returns logical false for all of these; true or nil else

]=]

local function validate_cat_args (args) if not (args.nocat or args.cat) then										-- both are nil, so categorize return; end if false == yesno (args.cat) or true == yesno (args.nocat) then args.nocat = true;														-- set to true when args.nocat is affirmative; nil else (as if the parameter were not set in the template) else																		-- args.nocat is the parameter actually used. args.nocat = nil; end end

--[[--< I N _ A R R A Y >--

Whether needle is in haystack

]]

local function in_array ( needle, haystack ) if needle == nil then return false; end for n,v in ipairs( haystack ) do		if v == needle then return n;		end end return false; end

--[[--< F O R M A T _ I E T F _ T A G >

prettify ietf tags to use recommended subtag formats: code: lower case script: sentence case region: upper case variant: lower case

]]

local function format_ietf_tag (code, script, region, variant) local out = {};

table.insert (out, code:lower); if is_set (script) then script = script:lower:gsub ('^%a', string.upper); table.insert (out, script); end

if is_set (region) then table.insert (out, region:upper); end if is_set (variant) then table.insert (out, variant:lower); end return table.concat (out, '-'); end

--[[--< G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S >--

extracts and returns IETF language tag parts: primary language subtag (required) - 2 or 3 character IANA language code script subtag - four character IANA script code region subtag - two-letter or three digit IANA region code variant subtag - four digit or 5-8 alnum variant code private subtag - x- followed by 1-8 alnum private code; only supported with the primary language tag

in any one of these forms lang					lang-variant lang-script				lang-script-variant lang-region				lang-region-variant lang-script-region		lang-script-region-variant lang-x-private each of lang, script, region, variant, and private, when used, must be valid

Languages with both two- and three-character code synonyms are promoted to the two-character synonym because the IANA registry file omits the synonymous three-character code; we cannot depend on browsers understanding the synonymous three-character codes in the lang= attribute.

For templates, the parameters |script=, |region=, and |variant= are supported (not supported in because those parameters are superfluous to the IETF subtags in |code=)

returns six values; all lower case. Valid parts are returned as themselves; omitted parts are returned as empty strings, invalid parts are returned as nil; the sixth returned item is an error message (if an error detected) or nil.

see http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt section 2.1

]]

local function get_ietf_parts (source, args_script, args_region, args_variant) local code, script, region, variant, private;								-- ietf tag parts

if not is_set (source) then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'missing language tag'; end

local pattern = {															-- table of tables holding acceptibe ietf tag patterns and short names of the ietf part captured by the pattern {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, 				-- 1 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'},				-- 2 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'},		-- 3 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'},	-- 4 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'v'},						-- 5 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'v'},			-- 6 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'},							-- 7 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'},						-- 8 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'},				-- 9 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'},				-- 10 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'v'},										-- 11 - ll-variant (where variant is 4 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'v'},							-- 12 - ll-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)$', 's', 'r'},							-- 13 - ll-Ssss-RR {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r'},						-- 14 - ll-Ssss-DDD (region is 3 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)$', 's'},										-- 15 - ll-Ssss {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)$', 'r'},											-- 16 - ll-RR {'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)$', 'r'},											-- 17 - ll-DDD (region is 3 digits) {'^(%a%a%a?)$'},														-- 18 - ll		{'^(%a%a%a?)%-x%-(%w%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?)$', 'p'},						-- 19 - ll-x-pppppppp (private is 1-8 alnum characters) }

local t = {};																-- table of captures; serves as a translator between captured ietf tag parts and named variables

for i, v in ipairs (pattern) do												-- spin through the pattern table looking for a match local c1, c2, c3, c4;													-- captures in the 'pattern' from the pattern table go here c1, c2, c3, c4 = source:match (pattern[i][1]);							-- one or more captures set if source matches pattern[i])			if c1 then															-- c1 always set on match				code = c1;														-- first capture is always code				t = {					[pattern[i][2] or 'x'] = c2,								-- fill the table of captures with the rest of the captures					[pattern[i][3] or 'x'] = c3,								-- take index names from pattern table and assign sequential captures					[pattern[i][4] or 'x'] = c4,								-- index name may be nil in pattern[i] table so "or 'x'" spoofs a name for this index in this table					};				script = t.s or ;												-- translate table contents to named variables;				region = t.r or ;												-- absent table entries are nil so set named ietf parts to empty string for concatenation				variant= t.v or ;				private = t.p or ;				break;															-- and done			end	end

if not code then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language tag: ', source});		-- don't know what we got but it is malformed end

code = code:lower;														-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not (lang_data.override[code] or lang_name_table.lang[code]) then return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language code: ', code});		-- invalid language code, don't know about the others (don't care?) end if synonym_table[code] then													-- if 639-2/639-2T code has a 639-1 synonym table.insert (maint_cats, table.concat ({'Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1|', code})); table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat ({'code: ', code, ' promoted to code: ', synonym_table[code]})); code = synonym_table[code];												-- use the synonym end

if is_set (script) then if is_set (args_script) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant script tag';			-- both code with script and |script= not allowed end else script = args_script or '';												-- use args.script if provided end

if is_set (script) then script = script:lower;												-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not lang_name_table.script[script] then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized script: ', script, ' for code: ', code});	-- language code ok, invalid script, don't know about the others (don't care?) end end if lang_name_table.suppressed[script] then									-- ensure that code-script does not use a suppressed script if in_array (code, lang_name_table.suppressed[script]) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'script: ', script, ' not supported for code: ', code});	-- language code ok, script is suppressed for this code end end

if is_set (region) then if is_set (args_region) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant region tag';			-- both code with region and |region= not allowed end else region = args_region or '';												-- use args.region if provided end

if is_set (region) then region = region:lower;												-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not lang_name_table.region[region] then return code, script, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized region: ', region, ' for code: ', code}); end end if is_set (variant) then if is_set (args_variant) then return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant variant tag';			-- both code with variant and |variant= not allowed end else variant = args_variant or '';											-- use args.variant if provided end

if is_set (variant) then variant = variant:lower;												-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not lang_name_table.variant[variant] then							-- make sure variant is valid return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant}); end																		-- does this duplicate/replace tests in lang and lang_xx? if is_set (script) then													-- if script set it must be part of the 'prefix' if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', script}), lang_name_table.variant[variant]['prefixes']) then return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code-script pair: ', code, '-', script}); end else if not in_array (code, lang_name_table.variant[variant]['prefixes']) then return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code: ', code}); end end end if is_set (private) then private = private:lower;												-- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this if not lang_data.override[table.concat ({code, '-x-', private})] then	-- make sure private tag is valid; note that index return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized private tag: ', private}); end end return code, script, region, variant, private, nil;							-- return the good bits; make sure that msg is nil end

--[[--< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G >--

assembles an error message from template name, message text, help link, and error category.

]]

local function make_error_msg (msg, args, template) local out = {}; local category; if 'transl' == template then category = 'transl'; else category = 'lang and lang-xx' end table.insert (out, table.concat ({'&#x5B;', args.text or 'undefined', '&#x5D; '}));	-- for error messages output args.text if available table.insert (out, table.concat ({'error: : '})); table.insert (out, msg); table.insert (out, table.concat ({' (help)'})); table.insert (out, ' '); if (0 == namespace) and not args.nocat then						-- only categorize in article space table.insert (out, table.concat ({''})); end

return table.concat (out); end

--[=[-< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form L|D; if only link is provided, returns a wikilink in the form L; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display) if is_set (link) then if is_set (display) then return table.concat ({, display, }); else return table.concat ({, link, }); end else return ''; end end

--[[--< D I V _ M A R K U P _ A D D >--

adds  and  tags to list-item text or to implied .. text. mixed not supported

]]

local function div_markup_add (text, style) local implied_p = {};

if text:find ('^\n[%*:;#]') then											-- look for list markup; list markup must begin at start of text if 'italic' == style then return mw.ustring.gsub (text, '(\n[%*:;#]+)([^\n]+)', '%1%2');	-- insert italic markup at each list item else return text; end end

if text:find ('\n+') then													-- look for any number of \n characters in text text = text:gsub ('([^\n])\n([^\n])', '%1 %2');							-- replace single newline characters with a space character which mimics mediawiki

if 'italic' == style then text = text:gsub('[^\n]+', ' %1 ');						-- insert p and italic markup tags at each impled p (two or more consecutive '\n\n' sequences) else text = text:gsub ('[^\n]+', ' %1 ');							-- insert p markup at each impled p			text = text:gsub ('\n', '');										-- strip newline characters end end

return text; end

--[[--< M A K E _ T E X T _ H T M L >--

Add the html markup to text according to the type of content that it is: or  tags for inline content or tags for block content

]]

local function make_text_html (code, text, tag, rtl, style, size, language) local html = {}; local style_added = '';

if text:match ('^%*') then table.insert (html, '&#42;');											-- move proto language text prefix outside of italic markup if any; use numeric entity because plane splat confuses MediaWiki text = text:gsub ('^%*', '');											-- remove the splat from the text end

if 'span' == tag then														-- default html tag for inline content if 'italic' == style then												-- but if italic tag = 'i';															-- change to  tags end else																		-- must be div so go		text = div_markup_add (text, style);									-- handle implied, implied with , and list markup (*;:#) with  end

table.insert (html, table.concat ({'<', tag}));								-- open the ,, or html tag table.insert (html, table.concat ({' lang="', code, '\"'}));				-- add language attribute

if rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text) then table.insert (html, ' dir="rtl"');										-- add direction attribute for right to left languages end

if 'normal' == style then													-- when |italic=no table.insert (html, ' style=\"font-style:normal;');						-- override external markup, if any		style_added = '\"';														-- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed end

if is_set (size) then														-- when |size= if is_set (style_added) then table.insert (html, table.concat ({' font-size:', size, ';'}));		-- add when style attribute already inserted else table.insert (html, table.concat ({' style=\"font-size:', size, ';'}));	-- create style attribute			style_added = '\"';													-- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed end end

if is_set (language) then table.insert (html, table.concat ({style_added, ' title=\"', language}));	--start the title text		if language:find ('languages') then			table.insert (html, ' collective text\"');							-- for collective languages else table.insert (html, ' language text\"');							-- for individual languages		end		table.insert (html, '>');												-- close the opening html tag	else		table.insert (html, table.concat ({style_added, '>'}));					-- close the style attribute and close opening html tag	end	table.insert (html, text);													-- insert the text

table.insert (html, table.concat ({''}));						-- close the ,, or html tag

if rtl then																	-- legacy; shouldn't be necessary because all of the rtl text is wrapped inside an html tag with dir="rtl" attribute table.insert (html, '&lrm;');											-- make sure the browser knows that we're at the end of the rtl end return table.concat (html);													-- put it all together and done end

--[=[-< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y >

For individual language,, returns:

for English: for artificial languages (code: art)

for ISO 639-2 collective languages (and for 639-1 bh):

]=]

local function make_category (code, language_name, nocat) local cat = {}; if (0 ~= namespace) or nocat then											-- only categorize in article space return '';																-- return empty string for concatenation end if language_name:find ('languages') then return table.concat ({''}); end table.insert (cat, '[[Category:Articles containing ');	if 'en' == code then		table.insert (cat, 'explicitly cited English');	elseif 'art' == code then		table.insert (cat, 'constructed')	else		table.insert (cat, language_name);	end	table.insert (cat, '-language text]]');

return table.concat (cat); end

--[[--< M A K E _ T R A N S L I T >

return translit ... where xx is the language code; else return empty string

The value |script= is not used in for this purpose; instead it uses |code. Because language scripts are listed in the switches they are included in the data tables. The script parameter is introduced at. If |script= is set, this function uses it in preference to code.

To avoid confusion, in this module and the templates that use it, the transliteration script parameter is renamed to be |translit-script= (in this function, tscript)

This function is used by both lang_xx and transl lang_xx always provides code, language_name, and translit; may provide tscript; never provides style transl always provides language_name, translit, and one of code or tscript, never both; always provides style

For, style only applies when a language code is provided ]]

local function make_translit (code, language_name, translit, std, tscript, style) local title; local tout = {}; local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table;							-- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards if is_set (code) then														-- when a language code is provided (always with templates, not always with ) if not style then														-- nil for is the default italic style table.insert (tout, " tag		else			table.insert (tout, table.concat ({'<span style=\"font-style:', style, '\" lang=\"'}));	-- non-standard style, construct a span tag for it		end table.insert (tout, code); table.insert (tout, "-Latn\" title=\"");								-- transliterations are always Latin script else table.insert (tout, "<span title=\"");									-- when no language code: no lang= attribute, not italic ( only)	end	std = std and std:lower;													-- lower case for table indexing	if not is_set (std) and not is_set (tscript) then							-- when neither standard nor script specified		table.insert (tout, language_name);										-- write a generic tool tip		if not language_name:find ('languages') then							-- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name)			table.insert (tout, '-language')									-- skip this text (individual and macro languages only)		end		table.insert (tout, ' transliteration');								-- finish the tool tip	elseif is_set (std) and is_set (tscript) then								-- when both are specified		if title_table[std] then												-- and if standard is legitimate			if title_table[std][tscript] then									-- and if script for that standard is legitimate table.insert (tout, table.concat ({title_table[std][tscript:lower], ' (', lang_name_table.script[tscript][1], ' script) transliteration'}));	-- add the appropriate text to the tool tip else table.insert (tout, title_table[std]['default']);				-- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard? end else return '';															-- invalid standard, setup for error message end

elseif is_set (std) then													-- translit-script not set, use language code if not title_table[std] then return ''; end								-- invalid standard, setup for error message if title_table[std][code] then											-- if language code is in the table (transl may not provide a language code) table.insert (tout, table.concat ({title_table[std][code:lower], ' (', lang_name_table.lang[code][1], ' language) transliteration'}));	-- add the appropriate text to the tool tip else																	-- code doesn't match table.insert (tout, title_table[std]['default']);					-- so use the standard's default end else																		-- here if translit-script set but translit-std not set if title_table['no_std'][tscript] then table.insert (tout, title_table['no_std'][tscript]);				-- use translit-script if set elseif title_table['no_std'][code] then table.insert (tout, title_table['no_std'][code]);					-- use language code else if is_set (tscript) then table.insert (tout, table.concat ({language_name, '-script transliteration'}));	-- write a script tool tip elseif is_set (code) then if not language_name:find ('languages') then					-- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name) table.insert (tout, '-language')							-- skip this text (individual and macro languages only) end table.insert (tout, ' transliteration');						-- finish the tool tip else table.insert (tout, ' transliteration');						-- generic tool tip (can we ever get here?) end end end

table.insert (tout, '">');	table.insert (tout, translit);	if is_set (code) and not style then														-- when a language code is provided (always with templates, not always with )		table.insert (tout, "");											-- close the italic tag	else		table.insert (tout, " ");											-- no language code so close the span tag	end	return table.concat (tout); end

--[[--< V A L I D A T E _ T E X T >

This function checks the content of args.text and returns empty string if nothing is amiss else it returns an error message. The tests are for empty or missing text and for improper or disallowed use of apostrophe markup.

Italic rendering is controlled by the |italic= template parameter so italic markup should never appear in args.text either as itself or as bold italic unless |italic=unset or |italic=invert.

]]

local function validate_text (template, args) if not is_set (args.text) then return make_error_msg ('no text', args, template); end

if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("\'\'\'\'\'[\']+") then	-- because we're looking, look for 4 appostrophes or 6+ appostrophes return make_error_msg ('text has malformed markup', args, template); end

local style = args.italic;

if ('unset' ~= style) and ('invert' ~=style) then if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") then	-- italic but not bold, or bold italic return make_error_msg ('text has italic markup', args, template); end end end

--[[--< R E N D E R _ M A I N T >--

render mainenance messages and categories

]]

local function render_maint(nocat) local maint = {}; if 0 < #maint_msgs then														-- when there are maintenance messages table.insert (maint, table.concat ({' '}));	-- opening tag for _, msg in ipairs (maint_msgs) do			table.insert (maint, table.concat ({msg, ' '}));					-- add message strings end table.insert (maint, ' ');										-- close the span end if (0 < #maint_cats) and (0 == namespace) and not nocat then				-- when there are maintenance categories; article namespace only for _, cat in ipairs (maint_cats) do			table.insert (maint, table.concat ({''}));	-- format and add the categories end end return table.concat (maint); end

--[[--< P R O T O _ P R E F I X >--

for proto languages, text is prefixed with a splat. We do that here as a flag for make_text_html so that a splat will be rendered outside of italic markup (if used). If the first character in text here is already a splat, we do nothing

]]

local function proto_prefix (text, language_name) if language_name:find ('^Proto%-') and not text:find ('^*') then			-- language is a proto and text does not already have leading splat return table.concat ({'*', text});										-- prefix proto language text with a splat end return text; end

--[[--< H A S _ P O E M _ T A G >--

looks for a poem strip marker in text; returns true when found; false else

auto-italic detection disabled when text has poem stripmarker because it is not possible for this code to know the content that will replace the stripmarker.

]]

local function has_poem_tag (text) return text:find ('\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-poem%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127') and true or false; end

--[[--< H T M L _ T A G _ S E L E C T >

Inspects content of and selectively trims text. Returns text and the name of an appropriate html tag for text.

If text contains: \n\n	text has implied .. tags - trim leading and trailing whitespace and return If text begins with list markup: \n*		unordered \n;		definition \n:		definition \n#		ordered trim all leading whitespace except \n and trim all trailing whitespace

If text contains ... stripmarker, return text unmodified and choose .. tags because the stripmarker is replaced with text wrapped in .. tags.

]]

local function html_tag_select (text) local tag; if has_poem_tag (text) then													-- contains poem stripmarker (we can't know the content of that) tag = 'div';															-- poem replacement is in div tags so lang must use div tags elseif mw.text.trim (text):find ('\n\n+') then								-- contains implied p tags text = mw.text.trim (text);												-- trim leading and trailing whitespace characters tag = 'div';															-- must be div because span may not contain p tags (added later by MediaWiki); poem replacement is in div tags elseif text:find ('\n[%*:;%#]') then										-- if text has list markup text = text:gsub ('^[\t\r\f ]*', ):gsub ('%s*$', );					-- trim all whitespace except leading newline character '\n' tag = 'div';															-- must be div because span may not contain ul, dd, dl, ol tags (added later by MediaWiki) else text = mw.text.trim (text);												-- plain text tag = 'span';															-- so span is fine end return text, tag; end

--[[--< L A N G >--

entry point for

there should be no reason to set parameters in the

parameters are recieved from the template's frame (parent frame)

]]

local function lang (frame) local args = getArgs (frame, {												-- this code so that we can detect and handle wiki list markup in text		valueFunc = function (key, value)			if 2 == key or 'text' == key then									-- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space				return value;													-- return untrimmed 'text'			elseif value then													-- all other values: if the value is not nil				value = mw.text.trim (value);									-- trim whitespace				if '' ~= value then												-- empty string when value was only whitespace					return value;				end			end			return nil;															-- value was empty or contained only whitespace		end																		-- end of valueFunc		});

local out = {}; local language_name;														-- used to make category names local subtags = {};															-- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local code;																	-- the language code local msg;																	-- for error messages local tag = 'span';															-- initial value for make_text_html local template = args.template or 'lang';

if args[1] and args.code then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: and &#124;code=', args, template); else args.code = args[1] or args.code;										-- prefer args.code end

if args[2] and args.text then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: and &#124;text=', args, template); else args.text = args[2] or args.text;										-- prefer args.text end msg = validate_text ('lang', args);											-- ensure that |text= is set if is_set (msg) then														-- msg is an already-formatted error message return msg; end args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text);								-- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly

validate_cat_args (args);													-- determine if categorization should be suppressed

args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes';												-- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code);	-- |script=, |region=, |variant= not supported because they should be part of args.code ( in )

if msg then return make_error_msg ( msg, args, template); end

args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, template); end

if nil == args.italic then													-- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.italic controls if ('latn' == subtags.script) or								 		-- script is latn ('en' ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and not has_poem_tag (args.text) and unicode.is_Latin (args.text)) then -- text not English, no script specified and not in poem markup but is wholly latn script (auto-italics) args.italic = 'italic';											-- DEFAULT for templates is upright; but if latn script set for font-style:italic else args.italic = 'inherit';											-- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style end end if is_set (subtags.script) then												-- if script set, override rtl setting if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then args.rtl = true;													-- script is an rtl script else args.rtl = false;													-- script is not an rtl script end end

args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant);	-- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private

subtags.private = subtags.private and table.concat ({code, '-x-', subtags.private}) or nil;		-- assemble a complete private ietf subtag; args.code does not get private subtag

if is_set (subtags.private) and lang_data.override[subtags.private] then	-- get the language name for categorization language_name = lang_data.override[subtags.private][1];					-- first look for private use tag language name elseif lang_data.override[code] then language_name = lang_data.override[code][1]								-- then language names taken from the override table elseif lang_name_table.lang[code] then language_name = lang_name_table.lang[code][1];							-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one end

if 'invert' == args.italic and 'span' == tag then							-- invert only supported for in-line content args.text = invert_italics (args.text) end args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name);						-- prefix proto-language text with a splat

table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, language_name)); table.insert (out, make_category (code, language_name, args.nocat)); table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat));								-- maintenance messages and categories

return table.concat (out);													-- put it all together and done end

--[[--< L A N G _ X X >

For the templates, the only parameter required to be set in the template is the language code. All other parameters can, usually should, be written in the template call. For templates for languages that can have multiple writing systems, it may be appropriate to set |script= as well.

For each template choose the appropriate entry-point function so that this function knows the default styling that should be applied to text.

For normal, upright style: For italic style:

All other parameters should be received from the template's frame (parent frame)

Supported parameters are: |code = (required) the IANA language code |script = IANA script code; especially for use with languages that use multiple writing systems |region = IANA region code |variant = IANA variant code |text = (required) the displayed text in language specified by code |link = boolean false ('no') does not link code-spcified language name to associated language article |rtl = boolean true ('yes') identifies the language specified by code as a right-to-left language |nocat = boolean true ('yes') inhibits normal categorization; error categories are not affected |cat = boolian false ('no') opposite form of |nocat= |italic = boolean true ('yes') renders displayed text in italic font; boolean false ('no') renders displayed text in normal font; not set renders according to initial_style_state |lit = text that is a literal translation of text |label = 'none' to suppress all labeling (language name, 'translit.', 'lit.') any other text replaces language-name label - automatic wikilinking disabled for those templates that support transliteration (those templates where |text= is not entirely latn script): |translit = text that is a transliteration of text |translit-std = the standard that applies to the transliteration |translit-script = ISO 15924 script name; falls back to code

For, the positional parameters are: text transliterated text literal translation text no other positional parameters are allowed

]]

local function _lang_xx (frame) local args = getArgs(frame,		{		parentFirst= true,														-- parameters in the template override parameters set in the 		valueFunc = function (key, value)			if 1 == key then													-- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space				return value;													-- return untrimmed 'text'			elseif value then													-- all other values: if the value is not nil				value = mw.text.trim (value);									-- trim whitespace				if '' ~= value then												-- empty string when value was only whitespace					return value;				end			end			return nil;															-- value was empty or contained only whitespace		end																		-- end of valueFunc	});

local out = {}; local language_name;														-- used to make display text, article links local category_name;														-- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set local subtags = {};															-- IETF subtags script, region, and variant local code;																	-- the language code

local translit_script_name;													-- name associated with IANA (ISO 15924) script code local translit; local translit_title; local msg;																	-- for error messages local tag = 'span';															-- initial value for make_text_html

if args[1] and args.text then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: and &#124;text=', args, 'lang-xx'); else args.text = args[1] or args.text;										-- prefer args.text end msg = validate_text ('lang-xx', args);										-- ensure that |text= is set, does not contain italic markup and is protected from improper bolding if is_set (msg) then return msg; end

args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text);								-- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly

if args[2] and args.translit then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: and &#124;translit=', args, 'lang-xx'); else args.translit = args[2] or args.translit								-- prefer args.translit end if args[3] and (args.translation or args.lit) then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: and &#124;lit= or &#124;translation=', args, 'lang-xx'); elseif args.translation and args.lit then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: &#124;lit= and &#124;translation=', args, 'lang-xx'); else args.translation = args[3] or args.translation or args.lit;				-- prefer args.translation end

if args.links and args.link then return make_error_msg ('conflicting: &#124;links= and &#124;link=', args, 'lang-xx'); else args.link = args.link or args.links;									-- prefer args.link end

validate_cat_args (args);													-- determine if categorization should be suppressed

args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes';												-- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code, args.script, args.region, args.variant);	-- private omitted because private

if msg then																	-- if an error detected then there is an error message return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'lang-xx'); end args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'lang-xx'); end

if nil == args.italic then													-- args.italic controls if is_set (subtags.script) then if 'latn' == subtags.script then args.italic = 'italic';											-- |script=Latn; set for font-style:italic else args.italic = initial_style_state;								-- italic not set; script is not latn; set for font-style: end else args.italic = initial_style_state;									-- here when |italic= and |script= not set; set for font-style: end end if is_set (subtags.script) then												-- if script set override rtl setting if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then args.rtl = true;													-- script is an rtl script else args.rtl = false;													-- script is not an rtl script end end

args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant);	-- format to recommended subtag styles subtags.private = subtags.private and table.concat ({code, '-x-', subtags.private}) or nil;		-- assemble a complete private ietf subtag; args.code does not get private subtag

if is_set (subtags.private) and lang_data.override[subtags.private] then	-- get the language name for categorization language_name = lang_data.override[subtags.private][1];					-- first look for private use tag language name elseif lang_data.override[args.code:lower] then							-- look for whole IETF tag in override table language_name = lang_data.override[args.code:lower][1];				-- args.code:lower because format_ietf_tag returns mixed case elseif lang_data.override[code] then										-- not there so try basic language code language_name = lang_data.override[code][1]; elseif not is_set (subtags.variant) then if lang_name_table.lang[code] then language_name = lang_name_table.lang[code][1];						-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one end else																		-- TODO: is this the right thing to do: take language display name from variants table? if lang_name_table.variant[subtags.variant] then						-- TODO: there is some discussion at Template talk:Lang about having a label parameter for use when variant name is not desired among other things language_name = lang_name_table.variant[subtags.variant]['descriptions'][1];	-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one end end

category_name = language_name;												-- category names retain IANA parenthetical diambiguators (if any) language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b', '');							-- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them

if args.label then if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, table.concat ({args.label, ': '}));				-- custom label end else if 'no' == args.link then table.insert (out, language_name);									-- language name without wikilink else if language_name:find ('languages') then table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name));				-- collective language name uses simple wikilink else table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name .. ' language', language_name));	-- language name with wikilink end end table.insert (out, ': ');												-- separator end

if 'invert' == args.italic then args.text = invert_italics (args.text) end args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name);						-- prefix proto-language text with a splat

table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size))

if is_set (args.translit) and not unicode.is_Latin (args.text) then			-- transliteration (not supported in ); not supported when args.text is wholly latn text (this is an imperfect test) table.insert (out, ', ');												-- comma to separate text from translit if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, ' '); if lang_name_table.script[args['translit-script']] then				-- when |translit-script= is set, try to use the script's name translit_script_name = lang_name_table.script[args['translit-script'][1]]; else translit_script_name = language_name;							-- fall back on language name end translit_title = mw.title.makeTitle (0, table.concat ({'Romanization of ', translit_script_name}));		-- make a title object if translit_title.exists and ('no' ~= args.link) then table.insert (out, make_wikilink ('Romanization of ' .. translit_script_name or language_name, 'translit.'));	-- make a wikilink if there is an article to link to			else table.insert (out, 'translit. ');	-- else define the abbreviation end table.insert (out, ' ');								-- close the small tag end translit = make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.translit, args['translit-std'], args['translit-script']) if is_set (translit) then table.insert (out, translit); else return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'invalid translit-std: \'', args['translit-std'] or '[missing]'}), args, 'lang-xx'); end end if is_set (args.translation) then											-- translation (not supported in ) table.insert (out, ', '); if 'none' ~= args.label then table.insert (out, ' '); if 'no' == args.link then table.insert (out, 'lit. '); else table.insert (out, make_wikilink ('Literal translation', 'lit.')); end table.insert (out, " "); end table.insert (out, table.concat ({'&#39;', args.translation, '&#39;'}));	-- use html entities to avoid wiki markup confusion end table.insert (out, make_category (code, category_name, args.nocat)); table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat));								-- maintenance messages and categories

return table.concat (out);													-- put it all together and done end

--[[--< L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >--

Entry point for those templates that call lang_xx_italic. Sets the initial style state to italic.

]]

local function lang_xx_italic (frame) initial_style_state = 'italic'; return _lang_xx (frame); end

--[[--< L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >

Entry point for those templates that call lang_xx_inherit. Sets the initial style state to inherit.

]]

local function lang_xx_inherit (frame) initial_style_state = 'inherit'; return _lang_xx (frame); end

--[[--< I S _ I E T F _ C O D E >--

Returns true when a language name associated with IETF language tag exists; nil else.

All code combinations supported by and the  templates are supported by this function.

The purpose of this function is to replace in templates that are better served by using

]]

local function is_ietf_code (frame) return get_ietf_parts (frame.args[1]) and true; end

--[[--< N A M E _ F R O M _ C O D E >--

Returns language name associated with IETF language tag if valid; empty string else.

All code combinations supported by and the  templates are supported by this function.

Set invoke's |link= parameter to yes to get wikilinked version of the language name.

]]

local function name_from_code (frame) local subtags = {};															-- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private local raw_code = frame.args[1];												-- save a copy of the input IETF subtag local link = 'yes' == frame.args['link'];					-- save a copy of the link-enable positional parameter (value can be anything) local code;																	-- the language code local msg;																	-- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid local language_name = ''; code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code); if msg then local template = (frame.args['template'] and table.concat ({': '})) or '';	-- make template name (if provided by the template) return table.concat ({'<span style=\"font-size:100%; font-style:normal;\" class=\"error\">error: ', template, msg, ' '}); end

if lang_data.override[raw_code:lower] then								-- look for whole IETF tag in override table (force lower case) language_name = lang_data.override[raw_code:lower][1]; elseif lang_data.override[code] then										-- not there so try basic language code in override table language_name = lang_data.override[code][1]; elseif not is_set (subtags.variant) then if lang_name_table.lang[code] then language_name = lang_name_table.lang[code][1];						-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one end else																		-- TODO: is this the right thing to do: take language display name from variants table? if lang_name_table.variant[subtags.variant] then						-- TODO: there is some discussion at Template talk:Lang about having a label parameter for use when variant name is not desired among other things language_name = lang_name_table.variant[subtags.variant]['descriptions'][1];	-- table entries sometimes have multiple names, always take the first one end end

language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b', '');							-- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them

if link then																-- when |link=yes, wikilink the language name if language_name:find ('languages') then return make_wikilink (language_name);								-- collective language name uses simple wikilink else return make_wikilink (language_name .. ' language', language_name);	-- language name with wikilink end end

return language_name;

end

--[[--< T R A N S L >--

Entry point for

]]

local function transl (frame) local args = getArgs(frame);												-- no parameters local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table;							-- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards local language_name;														-- language name that matches language code; used for tool tip local translit;																-- translitterated text to display local script;																-- IANA script local msg;																	-- for when called functions return an error message

if is_set (args[3]) then													-- [3] set when text args.text = args[3];													-- get the transliterated text args.translit_std = args[2] and args[2]:lower;						-- get the standard; lower case for table indexing

if not title_table[args.translit_std] then return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized transliteration standard: ', args.translit_std}), args, 'transl'); end else if is_set (args[2]) then												-- [2] set when text args.text = args[2];												-- get the transliterated text else if args[1] and args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then					-- args[2] missing; is args[1] a code or its it the transliterated text? return make_error_msg ('no text', args, 'transl');				-- args[1] is a code so we're missing text else args.text = args[1];											-- args[1] is not a code so we're missing that; assign args.text for error message return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'transl'); end end end

if is_set (args[1]) then													-- IANA language code used for html lang= attribute; or ISO 15924 script code if args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then									-- args[1] has correct form? args.code = args[1]:lower;										-- use the language/script code; only (2, 3, or 4 alpha characters); lower case because table indexes are lower case else return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args[1]}), args, 'transl');	-- invalid language / script code end else return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'transl');			-- missing language / script code so quit end

args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args); if msg then return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'transl'); end if 'italic' == args.italic then												-- 'italic' when |italic=yes; because that is same as absent or not set and |italic=default args.italic = nil;														-- set to nil; end

if lang_data.override[args.code] then										-- is code a language code defined in the override table? language_name = lang_data.override[args.code][1]; elseif lang_name_table.lang[args.code] then									-- is code a language code defined in the standard language code tables? language_name = lang_name_table.lang[args.code][1]; elseif lang_name_table.script[args.code] then								-- if here, code is not a language code; is it a script code? language_name = lang_name_table.script[args.code][1]; script = args.code;														-- code was an ISO 15924 script so use that instead args.code = '';															-- unset because not a language code else return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args.code}), args, 'transl');	-- invalid language / script code end -- here only when all parameters passed to make_translit are valid return make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.text, args.translit_std, script, args.italic); end

----< E X P O R T E D  F U N C T I O N S >--

return { lang = lang,																-- entry point for is_ietf_code = is_ietf_code, lang_xx_inherit = lang_xx_inherit,											-- entry points for lang_xx_italic = lang_xx_italic, name_from_code = name_from_code,											-- used for template documentation; possible use in ISO 639 name from code templates transl = transl,															-- entry point for };